Biology 1 Term 1: Cells, Energy, and Respiration Challenge

Question 1

Which scientist is most closely associated with the conclusion that all animals are made of cells?

Accepted Answer

Theodor Schwann

Answer

Robert Brown

Answer

Rudolf Virchow

Answer

Camillo Golgi

Question 2

The statement that new cells arise from pre-existing cells is a core part of modern cell theory.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 3

Which organelle would be most directly involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Smooth ER

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Answer

G2 phase

Answer

M phase

Question 5

Crossing over typically occurs during Prophase I of meiosis.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 6

Which transport process moves particles against their concentration gradient and requires cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 7

Which pairing of biomolecule and primary building block is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates — monosaccharides

Answer

Proteins — nucleotides

Answer

Nucleic acids — amino acids

Answer

Lipids — ribosomes

Question 8

A noncompetitive inhibitor usually blocks an enzyme by occupying the active site directly.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 9

When ATP releases its terminal phosphate group, it becomes which molecule?

Accepted Answer

ADP

Answer

AMP

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Question 10

Which statement best explains the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Answer

It directly splits glucose during glycolysis

Answer

It donates carbon to form acetyl-CoA

Answer

It converts ATP into ADP in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 11

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the thylakoid membranes.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 12

What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule from glycolysis alone?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Answer

4 ATP

Answer

6 ATP

Answer

8 ATP

Question 13

Which enzyme is widely recognized as a major regulatory point in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer

ATP synthase

Answer

Citrate synthase

Question 14

Pyruvate oxidation produces direct ATP as one of its main outputs.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 15

Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted into which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Oxaloacetate

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Citrate

Question 16

Which output is produced in the Krebs cycle and also feeds electrons into the electron transport chain through Complex II?

Accepted Answer

FADH2

Answer

NADH

Answer

ATP

Answer

CO2

Question 17

Succinate dehydrogenase is unusual because it functions in both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 18

What directly powers ATP synthase during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of H+ down its gradient

Answer

The splitting of glucose in the cytoplasm

Answer

The binding of oxygen to pyruvate

Answer

The release of CO2 from citrate

Question 19

When oxygen is unavailable, the main benefit of fermentation is that it regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 20

Which set correctly matches the main location of each stage in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis—cytoplasm; Krebs cycle—mitochondrial matrix; ETC—inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Glycolysis—matrix; Krebs cycle—cytoplasm; ETC—outer membrane

Answer

Glycolysis—nucleus; Krebs cycle—ribosome; ETC—Golgi apparatus

Answer

Glycolysis—chloroplast; Krebs cycle—cytoskeleton; ETC—cell membrane

Biology 1 Term 1: Cells, Energy, and Respiration Challenge

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